Sarbeswar Sahariah is an Indian nephrologist and organ transplant specialist, known for his expertise in renal and pancreatic transplantation. He was honoured by the Government of India, in 2014, by bestowing on him the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the field of medicine. Saharaiah is credited with more than 3000 renal transplantations, which many consider, has made him the most prolific kidney transplant surgeon in the country. He was born on 1 April 1945 in Mangaldai, Darrang, Assam, India. After completing his medical graduation Dr. Sahariah wanted to pursue higher studies in medicine and had to go to Delhi as proper post graduate training facility was not available in the state of Assam during those days. After completion of one year of House job training at Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, he was selected at the prestigious Postgraduate Medical Institute at Chandigarh for post graduate training in the field of General Surgery which he completed in the year 1975.

Saharaiah started his career as a Pool Officer under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research programme at the Renal Transplantation department of PGIMER, in 1976. Later, in 1978, he joined the faculty of PGIMER and worked there till 1981. The next move was to the Organ Transplantation Centre, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Hyderabad, as the Head of the Centre as the Reader and Chief Renal Transplant Surgeon, in 1981, and continued there till 1985. It was here, he performed the first renal transplantation in Hyderabad which is in current State of Telangana, in 1981. Saharaiah resigned from the Government service in 1985 and has since been practicing at various hospitals in the country.