Vamsi K Mootha is an Indian-American physician-scientist and computational biologist. He is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Professor of Systems Biology and Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and is based in the Department of Molecular Biology at Massachusetts General Hospital. He is also a Senior Associate Member of the Broad Institute. He was born in Kakinada, India. Mootha received his undergraduate degrees in mathematical and computational science at Stanford University, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa with highest honors. He received his M.D. in 1998 from Harvard Medical School in the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, where his thesis work was focused on mitochondrial bioenergetics. He subsequently completed his internship and residency in internal medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in 2001, after which he completed postdoctoral fellowship training at the Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research. He is a 2004 recipient of the Macarthur Foundation "genius award" for his contributions to mitochondrial biology and genomics. He received the 2008 Daland Prize from the American Philosophical Society and a 2014 Padma Shri from Republic of India, one of the highest civilian awards given by the Indian government. He was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 2014.

Mootha is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is also a professor of systems biology and medicine at Harvard Medical School and a professor of medicine in the Department of Molecular Biology at Massachusetts General Hospital. He has received numerous honors, including a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, the Judson Daland Prize of the American Philosophical Society, and the 2014 Keilin Medal of the Biochemical Society. He is also an elected member of the Association of American Physicians and the National Academy of Sciences.