It has been frequently reported by the medical practitioners and public health workers that very often people do not utilize the medical and preventive facilities available to them. Social and economic factors are generally accepted as highly important in the multiple causation of disease. Therefore, health workers must come to understand such factors if they are to deal effectively in both primary prevention and cure of disease and other health disorders. Urbanization and changing environmental situations have also created various health problems. Again, in the contemporary world, one cannot deny the various health hazards associated with different jobs. These are the emerging health challenges based on changing socio-cultural and economic situation. One will have to address and examine some of these new health problems. Besides this, knowledge and documentation of traditional medicine is also equally important. Many such issues have been examined in the present volume. These well-researched papers cover wide range of issues related to health. There are three sections in the present volume. Section I deals with ‘Health Issues and Human Rights’. Section II is on ‘Occupation and Health: The Challenges’ and the last section is on ‘Changing Health Scenario: Opportunities and Challenges’. It is expected that the findings of these research papers would create interest among health administrators and scholars/researchers of anthropology, sociology and medical science.