Overview Of Nordic combined

Game Rules

1)Competition Rules: 

This rule applies to World Cup competitions. For Tournaments (e.g. World, European or National Championships, Olympics etc.) rule 2) applies. All bets are settled on the official classification at the time of the podium presentation. If a competition is interrupted or postponed but is held within 80 hours after the original start date then all bets on the event are valid. If the event does not take place within 80 hours after the original start date then all bets will be void.

2.) Major Tournament Rules: 

All bets are settled on the official classification at the time of the podium presentation (flower ceremony). When a betting event within a sporting tournament (e.g. World, European or National Championships, Olympics etc.) is postponed within the official time allocated for the event, all transacted bets remain valid. If the betting event is unable to commence within the official time allocated for the major sporting event, all bets are void.

3.) Antepost/Outright winner (others on request): 

If a selection is disqualified for whatever reasons then all bets on this selection will be settled as “lost”. Should the race be won by an athlete/nation on which no odds had been offered then the betting option “Any other not listed” will be the winner, except if this option is not offered - then all bets will be settled as “lost”.

In case there is an option for “Others on Request”, odds can be offered on athletes that do not appear in the original list of participants on customers´ request.

4.) Finish in Top 3 (others on request): 

This rule applies to various numbers of “Top”-rankings (e.g. Top 5, Top 10). If a selection is disqualified for whatever reasons then all bets on this selection will be settled as “lost”. Should one or more of the respective “Top”-rankings be occupied by an athlete/nation on which no odds had been offered then only bets on athletes/nations that finish in the “Top”-rankings and that odds had been offered on will be settled as “won”.

In case there is an option for “Others on Request”, odds can be offered on athletes that do not appear in the original list of participants on customers´ request.

5.) Head-to-Head (H2H):

The winner will be the athlete/nation who is placed higher in the event. If an athlete/nation is disqualified or does not finish the event for any reason, then the other athlete/nation is deemed the winner. If both athletes/nations are disqualified or do not finish the event for any other reason then all bets will be void.

Equipments Need For Nordic combined

Ski Jump

Bindings

The binding must be mounted parallel to the run-direction. The binding must be placed in such a way that a maximum 57% of the entire ski length is used as the front part.

Boots

High-backed, flexible yet firm boots with a low cut at the front. They are designed to allow the skier to lean forward during flight.

Connection cord

Part of the binding; a cord that attaches the ski to the boot and prevents the wobbling of skis during flight.

Ski Jumping suit

All portions of the ski jumping suit must be made of the same material and must show a certain air permeability. The size of the suit must conform to the body shape in an upright position with certain tolerances.

Jumping skis

Jumping skis are manufactured especially for use on ski jumping hills. Skis with a length of a maximum 146% of the total body height of the competitor may be used. The curvature and shape of the skis is restricted by certain geometric features.

Cross-Country

Bindings

Bindings secure only the toe of the boot to the ski.

Boots

The skating shoe is fixed to the ski with a binding, holding the toe firm. The rear of the boot is built up to shore up the ankle, which is constantly under pressure in skating technique.

Poles

Long and straight, often reaching up as high as a competitor's chin, with a specially shaped basket designed to allow skiers to push hard and evacuate snow.

Skis

Narrower and lighter than those used in Alpine skiing. They have long, curved ends and rise up slightly in the middle. They can be up to 2m long.

Suit

Uses stretch fabric hugging the body, similar to a runner’s training clothing. Woollies and thick socks are definitely no longer fashionable.

Wax

Glide wax is crucial and determined by snow and weather conditions.

History Of Nordic combined

Nordic combined - Timeline

1924

The first Nordic combined consists of an 18km cross-country race followed by two jumps from the ski jumping normal hill. Thirty skiers from nine countries compete, but only one nation reached the podium. Norway would sweep the medals at the first Winter Games – a trend that would continue for the next three Olympics.

1948

After claiming the first 12 medals awarded in the Nordic combined, Norway fails to reach the podium in St. Moritz. Finland takes the gold and silver while Sweden gets the bronze.

1948

Skiers get three jumps, with only the top two counting.

1956

Ski jump is held first, followed by cross-country race, which is reduced to 15 km.

1972

East Germany’s Ulrich Wehling wins his first of three consecutive gold medals – he remains the only competitor with three individual golds.

1988

Gundersen scoring method introduced, with ski jumping now being held before the cross-country race, with the winner of the race winning the event. The pursuit race has the athlete with the best mark in the ski jump go first, with the rest of the field following based on their points in the jump. The differences of points in the jump determine how many seconds pass between competitors.

1988

Team event is added to the program, consisting of a 3x10km relay with each competitor taking three jumps from the large hill, with the best two counting.

1994

All competitors now take two jumps, with both counting.

1998

Team event is changed to a 4x5km relay.

2002

Sprint event is introduced, with athletes taking one jump from the large hill followed by a 7.5km race.

2002

Format is changed so the ski jump and cross-country race take place on the same day. Time between events can range anywhere from 35 minutes to a couple hours depending when competitor jumped.

2010

The 15km cross-country race is shortened to a 10km and paired with one normal hill jump. The 7.5km race is replaced by a 10km race and one large hill jump. Team event is changed to a single jump per athlete.

2010

United States wins its first medals in the Nordic combined, claiming a gold and three silvers in the three events. No other country won more than two medals in Vancouver.

Origin Of Nordic combined

This sport has been around since the early 1800s when communities in Norway would gather for winter carnivals. These carnivals always included athletics and this event determined the all-around winner. Nordic combined individual events (both normal hill and large hill) have been a part of the Winter Olympics since 1924; however, the team event was only added in 1988.

Norwegian origins:

For centuries in the snow-covered North, skis were required to chase game and gather firewood in winter time. With long distances between the small, isolated communities and hard, snowy winters, skiing also became important as means of keeping in social contact. The word “ski” is a Norwegian word which comes from the Old Norse word “skid”, a split length of wood.

Holmenkollen ski festival:

The famous Holmenkollen ski festival started in 1892 where the main attraction was the Nordic combined event. The festival proved popular and soon attracted skiers from Sweden and other neighbouring countries. In fact King Olav V of Norway was himself an able jumper and competed in the Holmenkollen Ski Festival in the 1920s.

Nordic dominance:

Nordic combined individual events have featured in every Games since the first Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix in 1924. Unsurprisingly, the sport has been dominated by the Norwegians, supported by the Finns. Indeed, it was not until 1960 that the Nordic grip on Olympic triumphs in this discipline was finally broken when West German Georg Thoma won the gold medal at Squaw Valley in 1960.

Governing Bodies

International Ski Federation(FIS):

International Ski Federation is the world highest governing body for international skiing and snowboarding founded in 1924.

It is responsible for the Olympic disciplines of Alpine skiing, Cross-Country skiing, Ski Jumping, Nordic Combined, Freestyle skiing and Snowboarding including setting the international competition rules. The organization now has a membership of 118 national ski associations and is based in Oberhofen am Thunersee, Switzerland.

Ski disciplines:

The federation organises the following ski sport disciplines, for which it oversees World Cup competitions and World Championships:

-Alpine skiing

-Snowboarding

-Nordic skiing

-Freestyle skiing

Structure:

The FIS organisational structure has been developed to maximize the ability for FIS to meet its goals as the international governing body for skiing and snowboarding. 

The FIS Congress (or General Assembly) elects the 17 member Council (Executive Board) every two years that oversees activities between Congresses. In order to advise the Council, it nominates members to specialist Technical Committees, sub-committees and working groups that serve as advisory bodies.

The following diagram depicts the organisational structure of FIS:

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