The second edition of this book has reconstructed an ideological and empirical examination of socio-economic behaviour and social changes of Pukhtun tribe. It also explains the integral situation of the religious and occupational groups within Pukhtun social structure and the functioning of their rights and duties in society. This edition is redesign in five chapters that deals with social behaviour and societal changes settlement patterns of socio-economic structures relationship between lineage and leadership economic behaviour of lineage ideology and socio-economic mechanism of patrons and client relationships.